Can regular exercise improve gut health?

The gut microbiota refers to the diverse community of billions of microorganisms that reside in the gut, where they play a vital role in digestion, immunity and vitamin production.

A wide range of studies have indicated the close link between exercise and the gut microbiome. Exercise-induced changes in gut health are believed to occur through various mechanisms, including the following.

Increased microbial diversity

Regular physical activity has been associated with increased diversity of the microbes in the gut. A diverse microbiota is thought to contribute to better overall health and a reduced risk of disease.

Anti-inflammatory effects

Exercise has anti-inflammatory effects throughout the entire body, including in the gut. Chronic inflammation in the gut is associated with various diseases, including digestive disorders. By reducing inflammation in the gastrointestinal tract, regular exercise may contribute to improved gut health and better symptom management.

Better gut motility

Physical activity has been linked to improved gut motility, meaning food can move more efficiently through the lower digestive tract. This can contribute to better digestion, increased nutrient absorption, and reduced risk of digestive symptoms like bloating, gas and abdominal cramping.

Positive influence on gut hormones

Exercise can positively influence the release of digestive hormones, such as peptide YY and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), which regulate appetite and metabolism. These hormones can indirectly impact the gut environment and microbial composition, too, improving your overall digestive health.

Reduced risk of gut disorders

Regular workouts can help lower the risk of certain digestive disorders, including inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), (Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis) and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Exercise can create a gut-friendly environment that may help your gastrointestinal tract be less susceptible to inflammatory conditions.