Introduction to the brain-gut axis

The relationship between the brain and the gut, also known as the gut-brain axis, works in a bidirectional motion, where the brain and gut communicate with one another. They do so by the vagus nerve, which connects the central nervous system (CNS) and the enteric nervous system (which controls the digestive tract).  They are also connected chemically through neurotransmitters.

Here are key aspects of the close relationship between the brain and gut:

• Bidirectional communication between the brain and gut microbes via the vagus nerve, hormonal secretion, and neurotransmitter signaling
• Can influence mood, cognition, perception, mindset, immunity, digestive health and some behaviors
• Imbalances in the gut microbiota may increase the risk and severity of depression, anxiety, and even neurodegenerative disorders
• Communication between brain and gut may improve with a better diet, less stress, and the addition of prebiotics and probiotics into the diet.