What are serotonin and dopamine?

Serotonin and dopamine are neurotransmitters, which are chemical messengers that are vital for your health and function in the brain and nervous system. They are responsible for transmitting signals between nerve cells (neurons) and help to regulate a range of physiological and psychological functions.

When a nerve impulse reaches the end of a neuron, these neurotransmitters are released into the synapse, the tiny gap between neurons. They then bind to receptors on the receiving neuron, transmitting the signal and allowing communication between nerve cells.

Serotonin is often referred to as the ‘feel-good’ neurotransmitter, and it contributes to better mood, sleep, appetite, digestion and overall emotional well-being. It also helps with modulating feelings of anxiety and depression.

Dopamine is involved in the reward and pleasure system of the brain. It plays a crucial role in motivation, reinforcement, and the experience of pleasure and reward. For this reason, it’s often associated with pleasurable activities.

Dopamine also plays a vital role in motor control and coordination. Imbalances in dopamine levels are often seen in neurological and psychological disorders, such as Parkinson's disease and schizophrenia.