What is cholesterol?

Cholesterol is a waxy, fatty substance that the human body requires for many daily functions. Although it has been somewhat vilified in the media, dietary cholesterol is essential for maintaining these functions and allowing the body to work optimally.

Cholesterol belongs to a group of compounds called lipids. It’s a major component of cell membranes and is used by the body to produce hormone production and bile acid.

Your body produces cholesterol naturally, a process which is controlled by the liver. However, you can also consume it in animal products, such as meat and dairy.

What are lipoproteins and what do they do in the body?

When you consume it in your diet, the cholesterol compounds enter your bloodstream inside packages called lipoproteins, which consist of a combination of cholesterol, fats and proteins.

The two main types of lipoproteins are low-density lipoproteins (LDL) and high-density lipoproteins (HDL).

LDL cholesterol is often referred to as bad cholesterol because, in excess, it can become oxidized and accumulate in the arterial walls. In turn, this can increase the risk of atherosclerosis and coronary artery disease.

HDL cholesterol is the ‘good’ cholesterol. When it enters your bloodstream, it captures excess cholesterol and transports it to the liver, where it can be metabolized and excreted, helping to lower your risk of heart disease.

What influences cholesterol levelsl?

Cholesterol levels in the blood are influenced by both genetic factors and lifestyle choices. Diets high in saturated and trans fats can raise LDL cholesterol levels, while a diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and unsaturated fats can help maintain healthy cholesterol levels. Regular physical activity also plays a vital role in managing cholesterol levels and overall cardiovascular health.

High cholesterol levels, especially elevated LDL cholesterol, are a significant risk factor for cardiovascular diseases like heart attack and stroke. For this reason, it is important to monitor cholesterol levels through regular medical check-ups, especially if you have a family history of heart disease or cardiovascular risk factors(such as if one of your parents or grandparents suffered from cardiovascular disease).

Your doctor may prescribe medications called statins that lower your blood cholesterol levels. Lifestyle and dietary changes may also be beneficial in lowering your LDL blood cholesterol levels.