What is the difference between gluten sensitivity and celiac disease?
Gluten sensitivity and celiac disease are often confused because both conditions are related to the body's reaction to gluten. However, they are distinct in terms of symptoms, diagnosis and treatment approaches. Understanding the difference is crucial for proper management and health outcomes.
What is gluten sensitivity?
Gluten sensitivity, also known as non-celiac gluten sensitivity (NCGS), is a condition where individuals experience symptoms similar to celiac disease but without the autoimmune damage. People with gluten sensitivity may experience bloating, headaches, fatigue and digestive issues after consuming gluten, but their intestines are not damaged in the way they are with celiac disease. Gluten sensitivity is not as well understood, and there is no specific test for it. Diagnosis typically involves ruling out celiac disease and wheat allergies.
What is celiac disease?
Celiac disease is an autoimmune disorder where the ingestion of gluten (found in wheat, barley, and rye) triggers an immune response that damages the small intestine. Over time, this damage can lead to nutrient malabsorption, increasing the risk of other health issues such as osteoporosis and anemia. Unlike gluten sensitivity, celiac disease can be diagnosed through blood tests and biopsies that detect the immune response and intestinal damage. The only treatment is strict lifelong adherence to a gluten-free diet.
Key differences
The major difference between the two is that celiac disease involves an autoimmune reaction and can cause long-term intestinal damage, whereas gluten sensitivity does not. Celiac disease can be confirmed with medical testing, while gluten sensitivity is diagnosed primarily through symptom monitoring and exclusion of other conditions.
Both conditions require avoiding gluten, but the implications and severity differ. For those with celiac disease, even small amounts of gluten can cause harm, while those with gluten sensitivity may tolerate small quantities without long-term effects. Understanding these differences is essential for effective management and health improvement.