What is a sleep study?

A sleep study, also known as polysomnography (PSG), is a medical examination designed to diagnose and evaluate sleep disorders. It involves monitoring various physiological parameters while an individual sleeps to gather comprehensive data about their sleep patterns and behaviors. The study is typically conducted in a sleep center or laboratory equipped with specialized monitoring devices.

During a sleep study, a trained technologist attaches electrodes and sensors to specific areas of the patient's body. These sensors record and measure various physiological activities, including brain waves, eye movements, heart rate, muscle activity, respiratory effort and oxygen levels. The gathered data helps healthcare professionals assess the different stages of sleep, identify disruptions and diagnose sleep disorders such as sleep apnea, insomnia, narcolepsy and parasomnias.

The process usually begins in the evening, and patients are asked to follow their usual bedtime routine. As they sleep, the monitoring equipment continuously records data, providing a detailed picture of their sleep architecture and any abnormalities. Sleep studies are non-invasive and painless, allowing individuals to sleep in a natural environment while being monitored.

Sleep studies are used for an accurate diagnosis and treatment planning for sleep-related issues. Once the study is complete, sleep specialists analyze the recorded data to determine the presence and severity of any sleep disorders. Based on the findings, appropriate recommendations and interventions can be made, such as lifestyle changes, therapy, or the use of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) devices for conditions like sleep apnea.